There are three main areas of forensic science that are required for a criminal investigation:

  • Field Officer: a technician that visits the scene of a crime, documents, records the scene by taking notes, photographs and videos, and collects the physical evidence that is suspected of relating to the crime.
  • Lab Officer: a technician that performs a thorough examination and analysis of the evidence collected by the field officer.
  • Other Officer: responsible for interviewing potential witnesses, detaining and questioning potential suspects of a crime.

Often these officers have a specific area of expertise that includes one or more of the following disciplines:

Forensic Accounting

Forensic accountants are both accountant and investigator, specializing in criminal or civil cases occurring within the field of finance, analyzing suspicious documents and activity and interviewing individuals accused of involvement in the case.

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Forensic Anthropology

Forensic anthropologists apply their expertise in criminal cases assisting in the identification of deceased individuals whose remains are decomposed, burned, mutilated or otherwise unrecognizable.

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Forensic Biology

Forensic Biologists examine and identify evidence suspected of being biological in nature [blood, urine, saliva, etc] and perform DNA analysis to investigate any relation to a suspected individual.

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Forensic Chemistry

Forensic Chemists examine and identify evidence suspected of being drugs [pills, powders, plant, etc], other chemical substances involved in arson, explosion and other fire investigations, as well as other trace evidence.

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Forensic Entomology

Forensic Entomologist’s have detailed knowledge of diverse types of insects, insect life cycles and environments, and they study insects and insect larval evidence found on decomposing bodies, remains and inanimate materials to assist in criminal investigations.

 

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Forensic Linguistics

Forensic linguists analyze evidence consisting of written and recorded materials, such as telephone conversations and letter in order to help solve crimes by use of their expertise in the study of human language.

 

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Forensic Nursing

Forensic Nurses are trained to thoroughly examine, evaluate, and collect biological and physical evidence, and provide care for patients that are both victims and perpetrators of violence that occurs during an assault or abuse.

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Forensic Odontology

Forensic Odontologists are dentists that specialize in forensics by performing careful and thorough analysis, examination and use of teeth as a source of evidence of a crime.

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Forensic Psychology

Forensic Psychologists assist legal professionals understand the findings in a particular criminal and civil investigation by applying the principals of psychology in order to evaluate and determine mental capacity and competency of captured offenders, and to determine the motives of a criminal.

 

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Forensic Toxicology

Forensic Toxicologists thoroughly investigate death, poisoning and drug use by testing a variety of physiological samples [blood, urine, oral fluid, tissue, etc.] to determine exposure, ingestion, abuse and toxicity levels.

 

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